LidongBing-photo

Lidong Bing (邴立东)

Director
Language Technology Lab [GitHub, HuggingFace, Zhihu, Weibo]
DAMO Academy, Alibaba Group
Office: Xixi Campus B, Hangzhou, China AND 51 Bras Basah Rd, Singapore
Contact: l.bing [at] alibaba-inc.com AND binglidong [at] gmail.com

JOB OPENINGS NOW!! (Updated in Oct. 2023):
(1) Full-time positions for both fresh graduates (NLP, multimodality) and experienced candidates (NLP, multimodality).
(2) For intern positions, send your CV to the above email addresses.
(3) Base locations: China (Beijing, Hangzhou), Singapore.

Full Publications (Selected List, GitHub, Google Scholar, DBLP)

  • Mitigating Object Hallucinations in Large Vision-Language Models through Visual Contrastive Decoding [paper] [code]. Sicong Leng, Hang Zhang, Guanzheng Chen, Xin Li, Shijian Lu, Chunyan Miao, Lidong Bing. CVPR, 2024.

  • Chain-of-Knowledge: Grounding Large Language Models via Dynamic Knowledge Adapting over Heterogeneous Sources [paper] [code]. Xingxuan Li, Ruochen Zhao, Yew Ken Chia, Bosheng Ding, Shafiq Joty, Soujanya Poria, Lidong Bing. ICLR, 2024.

  • CLEX: Continuous Length Extrapolation for Large Language Models [paper] [code]. Guanzheng Chen, Xin Li, Zaiqiao Meng, Shangsong Liang, Lidong Bing. ICLR, 2024.

  • Multilingual Jailbreak Challenges in Large Language Models [paper] [code]. Yue Deng, Wenxuan Zhang, Sinno Jialin Pan, Lidong Bing. ICLR, 2024.

  • Sentiment Analysis in the Era of Large Language Models: A Reality Check [paper] [code]. Wenxuan Zhang, Yue Deng, Bing Liu, Sinno Jialin Pan, Lidong Bing. NAACL, 2024.

  • Large Language Models can Contrastively Refine their Generation for Better Sentence Representation Learning [paper] [code]. Huiming Wang, Liying Cheng, Zhaodonghui Li, De Wen Soh, Lidong Bing. NAACL, 2024.

  • SeaLLMs -- Large Language Models for Southeast Asia [paper] [demo] [code]. Xuan-Phi Nguyen, Wenxuan Zhang, Xin Li, Mahani Aljunied, Qingyu Tan, Liying Cheng, Guanzheng Chen, Yue Deng, Sen Yang, Chaoqun Liu, Hang Zhang, Lidong Bing. Preprint arXiv:2312.00738, 2023.

  • Contrastive Chain-of-Thought Prompting [paper] [code]. Yew Ken Chia, Guizhen Chen, Luu Anh Tuan, Soujanya Poria, Lidong Bing. Preprint arXiv:2311.09277, 2023.

  • Neuro-Symbolic Integration Brings Causal and Reliable Reasoning Proofs [paper] [code]. Sen Yang, Xin Li, Leyang Cui, Lidong Bing, Wai Lam. Preprint arXiv:2311.09802, 2023.

  • Towards Robust Temporal Reasoning of Large Language Models via a Multi-Hop QA Dataset and Pseudo-Instruction Tuning [paper] [code]. Qingyu Tan, Hwee Tou Ng, Lidong Bing. Preprint arXiv:2311.09821, 2023.

  • Video-LLaMA: An Instruction-tuned Audio-Visual Language Model for Video Understanding [paper] [code] [demo (Hugging Face)] [demo (ModelScope)] [checkpoints]. Hang Zhang, Xin Li, Lidong Bing. Demo Track of The Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP'23 Demo), 2023.

  • Once Upon a Time in Graph: Relative-Time Pretraining for Complex Temporal Reasoning [paper] [code]. Sen Yang, Xin Li, Lidong Bing, Wai Lam. The Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP'23), 2023.

  • LLM-Adapters: An Adapter Family for Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning of Large Language Models [paper] [code]. Zhiqiang Hu, Lei Wang, Yihuai Lan, Wanyu Xu, Ee-Peng Lim, Lidong Bing, Xing Xu, Soujanya Poria, Roy Ka-Wei Lee. The Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP'23), 2023.

  • SOUL: Towards Sentiment and Opinion Understanding of Language [paper] [code]. Yue Deng, Wenxuan Zhang, Sinno Jialin Pan, Lidong Bing. The Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP'23), 2023.

  • Is GPT-4 a Good Data Analyst? [paper] [code]. Liying Cheng, Xingxuan Li, Lidong Bing. Findings of The Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (Findings of EMNLP'23), 2023.

  • Large Language Models are Not Yet Human-Level Evaluators for Abstractive Summarization [paper] [code]. Chenhui Shen, Liying Cheng, Yang You, Xuan-Phi Nguyen, Lidong Bing. Findings of The Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (Findings of EMNLP'23), 2023.

  • A Hierarchical Encoding-Decoding Scheme for Abstractive Multi-document Summarization [paper] [code]. Chenhui Shen, Liying Cheng, Xuan-Phi Nguyen, Yang You, Lidong Bing. Findings of The Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (Findings of EMNLP'23), 2023.

  • M3Exam: A Multilingual, Multimodal, Multilevel Benchmark for Examining Large Language Models [paper] [code]. Wenxuan Zhang, Sharifah Mahani Aljunied, Chang Gao, Yew Ken Chia, Lidong Bing. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 36 (NeurIPS'23), 2023.

  • From Cloze to Comprehension: Retrofitting Pre-trained Masked Language Model to Pre-trained Machine Reader [paper] [code]. Weiwen Xu, Xin Li, Wenxuan Zhang, Meng Zhou, Wai Lam, Luo Si, Lidong Bing. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 36 (NeurIPS'23), 2023.

  • Democratizing LLMs for Low-Resource Languages by Leveraging their English Dominant Abilities with Linguistically-Diverse Prompts [paper] [code]. Xuan-Phi Nguyen, Sharifah Mahani Aljunied, Shafiq Joty, Lidong Bing. Preprint arXiv:2306.11372, 2023.

  • INSTRUCTEVAL: Towards Holistic Evaluation of Instruction-Tuned Large Language Models [paper] [code]. Yew Ken Chia, Pengfei Hong, Lidong Bing, Soujanya Poria. Preprint arXiv:2306.04757, 2023.

  • Unlocking Temporal Question Answering for Large Language Models Using Code Execution [paper] [code]. Xingxuan Li, Liying Cheng, Qingyu Tan, Hwee Tou Ng, Shafiq Joty, Lidong Bing. Preprint arXiv:2305.15014, 2023.

  • Exploring the Potential of Large Language Models in Computational Argumentation [paper] [code]. Guizhen Chen, Liying Cheng, Luu Anh Tuan, Lidong Bing Preprint arXiv:2311.09022, 2023.

  • Domain-Expanded ASTE: Rethinking Generalization in Aspect Sentiment Triplet Extraction [paper] [code]. Yew Ken Chia, Hui Chen, Wei Han, Guizhen Chen, Sharifah Mahani Aljunied, Soujanya Poria, Lidong Bing. Preprint arXiv:2305.14434, 2023.

  • Enhancing Few-shot NER with Prompt Ordering based Data Augmentation [paper] [code]. Huiming Wang, Liying Cheng, Wenxuan Zhang, De Wen Soh, Lidong Bing. Preprint arXiv:2305.11791, 2023.

  • Can ChatGPT-like Generative Models Guarantee Factual Accuracy? On the Mistakes of New Generation Search Engines [paper] [blog article (ZH), (EN)]. Ruochen Zhao, Xingxuan Li, Yew Ken Chia, Bosheng Ding, Lidong Bing. Preprint arXiv:2304.11076, 2023. Follow-up reports by CNN, CNBC, FORTUNE, etc.

  • mPMR: A Multilingual Pre-trained Machine Reader at Scale [paper] [code]. Weiwen Xu, Xin Li, Wai Lam, Lidong Bing. The 61th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL'23), 2023.

  • PeerDA: Data Augmentation via Modeling Peer Relation for Span Identification Tasks [paper] [code]. Weiwen Xu, Xin Li, Yang Deng, Lidong Bing, Wai Lam. The 61th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL'23), 2023.

  • Information Screening whilst Exploiting! Multimodal Relation Extraction with Feature Denoising and Multimodal Topic Modeling [paper] [code]. Shengqiong Wu, Hao Fei, Yixin Cao, Lidong Bing, Tat-Seng Chua. The 61th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL'23), 2023.

  • Reasoning Implicit Sentiment with Chain-of-Thought Prompting [paper] [code]. Hao Fei, Bobo Li, Qian Liu, Lidong Bing, Fei Li, Tat-Seng Chua. The 61th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL'23), 2023.

  • Verify-and-Edit: A Knowledge-Enhanced Chain-of-Thought Framework [paper] [code]. Ruochen Zhao, Xingxuan Li, Shafiq Joty, Chengwei Qin, Lidong Bing. The 61th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL'23), 2023.

  • Towards Robust Low-Resource Fine-Tuning with Multi-View Compressed Representations [paper] [code]. Linlin Liu, Xingxuan Li, Megh Thakkar, Xin Li, Shafiq Joty, Luo Si, Lidong Bing. The 61th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL'23), 2023.

  • Is GPT-3 a Good Data Annotator? [paper] [code]. Bosheng Ding, Chengwei Qin, Linlin Liu, Yew Ken Chia, Boyang Li, Shafiq Joty, Lidong Bing. The 61th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL'23), 2023.

  • Improving Self-training for Cross-lingual Named Entity Recognition with Contrastive and Prototype Learning [paper] [code]. Ran Zhou, Xin Li, Lidong Bing, Erik Cambria, Chunyan Miao. The 61th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL'23), 2023.

  • Bidirectional Generative Framework for Cross-domain Aspect-based Sentiment Analysis [paper] [code]. Yue Deng, Wenxuan Zhang, Sinno Jialin Pan, Lidong Bing. The 61th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL'23), 2023.

  • Towards Benchmarking and Improving the Temporal Reasoning Capability of Large Language Models [paper] [code]. Qingyu Tan, Hwee Tou Ng, Lidong Bing. The 61th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL'23), 2023.

  • Class-Adaptive Self-Training for Relation Extraction with Incompletely Annotated Training Data [paper] [code]. Qingyu Tan, Lu Xu, Lidong Bing, Hwee Tou Ng. Findings of The 61th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Findings of ACL'23), 2023.

  • Easy-to-Hard Learning for Information Extraction [paper] [code]. Chang Gao, Wenxuan Zhang, Wai Lam, Lidong Bing. Findings of The 61th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Findings of ACL'23), 2023.

  • AQE: Argument Quadruplet Extraction via a Quad-Tagging Augmented Generative Approach [paper] [code]. Jia Guo, Liying Cheng, Wenxuan Zhang, Stanley Kok, Xin Li, Lidong Bing. Findings of The 61th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Findings of ACL'23), 2023.

  • Sampling Better Negatives for Distantly Supervised Named Entity Recognition [paper] [code]. Lu Xu, Lidong Bing, Wei Lu. Findings of The 61th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Findings of ACL'23), 2023.

  • Zero-Shot Text Classification via Self-Supervised Tuning [paper] [code]. Chaoqun Liu, Wenxuan Zhang, Guizhen Chen, Xiaobao Wu, Anh Tuan Luu, Chip Hong Chang, Lidong Bing. Findings of The 61th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Findings of ACL'23), 2023.

  • Gradient-Boosted Decision Tree for Listwise Context Model in Multimodal Review Helpfulness Prediction [paper]. Thong Thanh Nguyen, Xiaobao Wu, Xinshuai Dong, Cong-Duy T. Nguyen, Zhen Hai, Lidong Bing, Anh Tuan Luu. Findings of The 61th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Findings of ACL'23), 2023.

  • Enhancing Cross-lingual Prompting with Dual Prompt Augmentation [paper] [code]. Meng Zhou, Xin Li, Yue Jiang, Lidong Bing. Findings of The 61th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Findings of ACL'23), 2023.

  • On the Effectiveness of Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning [paper] [code]. Zihao Fu, Haoran Yang, Anthony Man-Cho So, Wai Lam, Lidong Bing, Nigel Collier. The AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI'23), 2023.

  • Towards Integration of Discriminability and Robustness for Document-Level Relation Extraction [paper] [code]. Jia Guo, Stanley Kok, Lidong Bing. The 17th Annual Meeting of the European chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (EACL'23), 2023.

  • A Survey on Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis: Tasks, Methods, and Challenges [paper] [resources]. Wenxuan Zhang, Xin Li, Yang Deng, Lidong Bing, Wai Lam. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering (TKDE), Dec 2022.

  • Is GPT-3 a Psychopath? Evaluating Large Language Models from a Psychological Perspective [paper]. Xingxuan Li, Yutong Li, Linlin Liu, Shafiq Joty, Lidong Bing. Preprint arXiv:2212.10529, 2022.

  • Retrofitting Multilingual Sentence Embeddings with Abstract Meaning Representation [paper] [code & data]. Deng Cai, Xin Li, Jackie Chun-Sing Ho, Lidong Bing, Wai Lam. The Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP'22), 2022.

  • A Dataset for Hyper-Relational Extraction and a Cube-Filling Approach [paper] [code & data]. Yew Ken Chia, Lidong Bing, Sharifah Mahani Aljunied, Luo Si, Soujanya Poria. The Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP'22), 2022.

  • Enhancing Multilingual Language Model with Massive Multilingual Knowledge Triples [paper] [code & data]. Linlin Liu, Xin Li, Ruidan He, Lidong Bing, Shafiq Jotym, Luo Si. The Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP'22), 2022.

  • Adaptive Contrastive Learning on Multimodal Transformer for Review Helpfulness Predictions [paper] [data]. Thong Nguyen, Xiaobao Wu, Anh Tuan Luu, Cong-Duy Nguyen, Zhen Hai, Lidong Bing. The Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP'22), 2022.

  • SentBS: Sentence-level Beam Search for Controllable Summarization [paper] [code & data]. Chenhui Shen, Liying Cheng, Lidong Bing, Yang You, Luo Si. The Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP'22), 2022.

  • Revisiting DocRED – Addressing the False Negative Problem in Relation Extraction [paper] [code & data]. Qingyu Tan, Lu Xu, Lidong Bing, Hwee Tou Ng, Sharifah Mahani Aljunied. The Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP'22), 2022.

  • Interventional Training for Out-Of-Distribution Natural Language Understanding [paper] [code & data]. Sicheng Yu, Jing Jiang, Hao Zhang, Yulei Niu, Qianru Sun, Lidong Bing. The Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP'22), 2022.

  • ConNER: Consistency Training for Cross-lingual Named Entity Recognition [paper] [code & data]. Ran Zhou, Xin Li, Lidong Bing, Erik Cambria, Luo Si, Chunyan Miao. The Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP'22), 2022.

  • SANCL: Multimodal Review Helpfulness Prediction with Selective Attention and Natural Contrastive Learning [paper] [code & data]. Wei Han, Hui Chen, Zhen Hai, Soujanya Poria, Lidong Bing. The 29th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING'22), 2022.

  • Towards Multi-Sense Cross-Lingual Alignment of Contextual Embeddings [paper] [code & data]. Linlin Liu, Thien Hai Nguyen, Shafiq Joty, Lidong Bing, Luo Si. The 29th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING'22), 2022.

  • Domain Generalization for Text Classification with Memory-Based Supervised Contrastive Learning [paper] [code & data]. Qingyu Tan, Ruidan He, Hwee Tou Ng, Lidong Bing. The 29th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING'22), 2022.

  • IAM: A Comprehensive and Large-Scale Dataset for Integrated Argument Mining Tasks [paper] [code & data]. Liying Cheng, Lidong Bing, Ruidan He, Qian Yu, Yan Zhang, Luo Si. The 60th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL'22), 2022.

  • GlobalWoZ: Globalizing MultiWoZ to Develop Multilingual Task-Oriented Dialogue Systems [paper] [code & data]. Bosheng Ding, Junjie Hu, Lidong Bing, Sharifah Mahani Aljunied, Shafiq Joty, Luo Si, Chunyan Miao. The 60th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL'22), 2022.

  • MELM: Data Augmentation with Masked Entity Language Modeling for Low-Resource NER [paper] [code & data]. Ran Zhou, Xin Li, Ruidan He, Lidong Bing, Erik Cambria, Luo Si, Chunyan Miao. The 60th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL'22), 2022.

  • RelationPrompt: Leveraging Prompts to Generate Synthetic Data for Zero-Shot Relation Triplet Extraction [paper] [code & data]. Yew Ken Chia, Lidong Bing, Soujanya Poria, Luo Si. Findings of The 60th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Findings of ACL'22), 2022.

  • MReD: A Meta-Review Dataset for Structure-Controllable Text Generation [paper] [code & data]. Chenhui Shen, Liying Cheng, Ran Zhou, Lidong Bing, Yang You, Luo Si. Findings of The 60th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Findings of ACL'22), 2022.

  • Document-Level Relation Extraction with Adaptive Focal Loss and Knowledge Distillation [paper] [code & data]. Qingyu Tan, Ruidan He, Lidong Bing, Hwee Tou Ng. Findings of The 60th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Findings of ACL'22), 2022.

  • Informative Text Generation from Knowledge Triples [paper]. Zihao Fu, Yijiang River Dong, Lidong Bing, Wai Lam. Preprint arXiv:2209.12733, 2022.

  • Cross-lingual Aspect-based Sentiment Analysis with Aspect Term Code-Switching [paper] [code & data]. Wenxuan Zhang, Ruidan He, Haiyun Peng, Lidong Bing, Wai Lam. The Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP'21), 2021.

  • Aspect Sentiment Quad Prediction as Paraphrase Generation [paper] [code & data]. Wenxuan Zhang, Yang Deng, Xin Li, Yifei Yuan, Lidong Bing, Wai Lam. The Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP'21), 2021.

  • Multilingual AMR Parsing with Noisy Knowledge Distillation [paper] [code & data]. Deng Cai, Xin Li, Jackie Chun-Sing Ho, Lidong Bing, Wai Lam. Findings of The Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (Findings of EMNLP'21), 2021.

  • Aspect-based Sentiment Analysis in Question Answering Forums [paper] [code]. Wenxuan Zhang, Yang Deng, Xin Li, Lidong Bing, Wai Lam. Findings of The Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (Findings of EMNLP'21), 2021.

  • Argument Pair Extraction via Attention-guided Multi-Layer Multi-Cross Encoding [paper] [code & data]. Liying Cheng, Tianyu Wu, Lidong Bing, Luo Si. The 59th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL'21), 2021.

  • On the Effectiveness of Adapter-based Tuning for Pretrained Language Model Adaptation [paper]. Ruidan He, Linlin Liu, Hai Ye, Qingyu Tan, Bosheng Ding, Liying Cheng, Jiawei Low, Lidong Bing, Luo Si. The 59th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL'21), 2021.

  • MulDA: A Multilingual Data Augmentation Framework for Low-Resource Cross-Lingual NER [paper] [code & data] . Linlin Liu, Bosheng Ding, Lidong Bing, Shafiq Joty, Luo Si, Chunyan Miao. The 59th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL'21), 2021.

  • Multi-perspective Coherent Reasoning for Helpfulness Prediction of Multimodal Reviews [paper] [code & data]. Junhao Liu, Zhen Hai, Min Yang, Lidong Bing. The 59th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL'21), 2021.

  • Learning Span-Level Interactions for Aspect Sentiment Triplet Extraction [paper] [code & data]. Lu Xu, Yew Ken Chia, Lidong Bing. The 59th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL'21), 2021.

  • Bootstrapped Unsupervised Sentence Representation Learning [paper] [code & data]. Yan Zhang, Ruidan He, Zouzhu Liu, Lidong Bing, Haizhou Li. The 59th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL'21), 2021.

  • Towards Generative Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis [paper] [code & data]. Wenxuan Zhang, Xin Li, Yang Deng, Lidong Bing, Wai Lam. The 59th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL'21), 2021.

  • Better Feature Integration for Named Entity Recognition [paper] [code & data]. Lu Xu, Zhanming Jie, Wei Lu, Lidong Bing. Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (NAACL'21), 2021.

  • Exploring Auxiliary Reasoning Tasks for Task-oriented Dialog Systems with Meta Cooperative Learning [paper]. Bowen Qin, Min Yang, Lidong Bing, Qingshan Jiang, Chengming Li, Ruifeng Xu. The AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI'21), 2021.

  • Harvest Shopping Advice: Neural Question Generation from Multiple Information Sources in E-commerce [paper]. Yongzhen Wang, Kaisong Song, Lidong Bing, and Xiaozhong Liu. Neurocomputing, 2021.

  • Affect Recognition for Multimodal Natural Language Processing [paper]. Soujanya Poria, Ong Yew Soon, Bing Liu, Lidong Bing. Cognitive Computation, 2021.

  • Overview of Argumentative Text Understanding for AI Debater Challenge [paper] Jian Yuan, Liying Cheng, Ruidan He, Yinzi Li, Lidong Bing, Zhongyu Wei, Qin Liu, Chenhui Shen, Shuonan Zhang, Changlong Sun, Luo Si, Changjian Jiang, Xuanjing Huang. Natural Language Processing and Chinese Computing: 10th CCF International Conference, NLPCC, 2021.

  • APE: Argument Pair Extraction from Peer Review and Rebuttal via Multi-task Learning [paper] [code & data]. Liying Cheng, Lidong Bing, Qian Yu, Wei Lu, Luo Si. The Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP'20), 2020.

  • ENT-DESC: Entity Description Generation by Exploring Knowledge Graph [paper] [code & data]. Liying Cheng, Dekun Wu, Lidong Bing, Yan Zhang, Zhanming Jie, Wei Lu, Luo Si. The Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP'20), 2020.

  • DAGA: Data Augmentation with a Generation Approach for Low-resource Tagging Tasks [paper] [code & data]. Bosheng Ding, Linlin Liu, Lidong Bing, Canasai Kruengkrai, Thien Hai Nguyen, Shafiq Joty, Luo Si, Chunyan Miao. The Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP'20), 2020.

  • Partially-Aligned Data-to-Text Generation with Distant Supervision [paper]. Zihao Fu, Bei Shi, Wai Lam, Lidong Bing, Zhiyuan Liu. The Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP'20), 2020.

  • Aspect Sentiment Classification with Aspect-Specific Opinion Spans [paper]. Lu Xu, Lidong Bing, Wei Lu, Fei Huang. The Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP'20), 2020.

  • Position-Aware Tagging for Aspect Sentiment Triplet Extraction [paper] [code & data]. Lu Xu, Hao Li, Wei Lu, Lidong Bing. The Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP'20), 2020.

  • Feature Adaptation of Pre-Trained Language Models across Languages and Domains with Robust Self-Training [paper] [code & data]. Hai Ye, Qingyu Tan, Ruidan He, Juntao Li, Hwee Tou Ng, Lidong Bing. The Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP'20), 2020.

  • Lightweight, Dynamic Graph Convolutional Networks for AMR-to-Text Generation [paper] [code & data]. Yan Zhang, Zhijiang Guo, Zhiyang Teng, Wei Lu, Shay B. Cohen, Zuozhu Liu, Lidong Bing*. The Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP'20), 2020. (*: corresponding author)

  • An Unsupervised Sentence Embedding Method by Mutual Information Maximization [paper] [code & data]. Yan Zhang, Ruidan He, Zuozhu Liu, Kwan Hui Lim, Lidong Bing. The Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP'20), 2020.

  • Dynamic Topic Tracker for KB-to-Text Generation [paper]. Zihao Fu, Lidong Bing, Wai Lam, Shoaib Jameel. The 28th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING'20), 2020.

  • Unsupervised KB-to-Text Generation with Auxiliary Triple Extraction using Dual Learning [paper]. Zihao Fu, Bei Shi, Lidong Bing, Wai Lam. The 1st Conference of the Asia-Pacific Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 10th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (AACL-IJCNLP'20), 2020.

  • Unsupervised Domain Adaptation of a Pretrained Cross-Lingual Language Model [paper] [code & data]. Juntao Li, Ruidan He, Hai Ye, Hwee Tou Ng, Lidong Bing, Rui Yan. The 29th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and the 17th Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-PRICAI'20), 2020.

  • Review-based Question Generation with Adaptive Instance Transfer and Augmentation [paper]. Qian Yu, Lidong Bing, Qiong Zhang, Wai Lam, Luo Si. The 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL'20), 2020.

  • Improving Low-Resource Named Entity Recognition using Joint Sentence and Token Labeling [paper]. Canasai Kruengkrai, Thien Hai Nguyen, Sharifah Mahani Aljunied, Lidong Bing. The 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL'20), 2020.

  • Knowing What, How and Why: A Near Complete Solution for Aspect-based Sentiment Analysis [paper] [data]. Haiyun Peng, Lu Xu, Lidong Bing, Wei Lu, Fei Huang, Luo Si. The Thirty-Fourth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI'20), 2020.

  • Open Domain Event Text Generation [paper]. Zihao Fu, Lidong Bing, Wai Lam. The Thirty-Fourth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI'20), 2020.

  • Cross-Lingual Low-Resource Set-to-Description Retrieval for Global E-Commerce [paper]. Juntao Li, Chang Liu, Lidong Bing, Xiaozhong Liu, Hongsong Li, Jian Wang, Dongyan Zhao, Rui Yan. The Thirty-Fourth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI'20), 2020.

  • GRET: Global Representation Enhanced Transformer [paper]. Rongxiang Wen, Haoran Wei, Shujian Huang, Heng Yu, Lidong Bing, Weihua Luo, Jiajun Chen. The Thirty-Fourth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI'20), 2020.

  • FOX: Fast Overlapping Community Detection Algorithm in Big Weighted Networks [paper]. Tianshu Lyu, Lidong Bing, Zhao Zhang, and Yan Zhang. ACM Transactions on Social Computing, 2020.

  • Unsupervised Cross-lingual Adaptation for Sequence Tagging and Beyond [paper]. Xin Li, Lidong Bing, Wenxuan Zhang, Zheng Li, and Wai Lam. Preprint arXiv:2010.12405, 2020.

  • Salience Estimation with Multi-Attention Learning for Abstractive Text Summarization [paper]. Piji Li, Lidong Bing, Zhongyu Wei, and Wai Lam. Preprint arXiv:2004.03589, 2020.

  • Improving Question Generation With to the Point Context [paper]. Jingjing Li, Yifan Gao, Lidong Bing, Irwin King, Michael R. Lyu. The 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP'19), 2019.

  • Using Customer Service Dialogues for Satisfaction Analysis with Context-Assisted Multiple Instance Learning [paper]. Kaisong Song, Lidong Bing, Wei Gao, Jun Lin, Lujun Zhao, Jiancheng Wang, Changlong Sun, Xiaozhong Liu, Qiong Zhang. The 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP'19), 2019.

  • Hierarchical Pointer Net Parsing [paper]. Linlin Liu, Xiang Lin, Shafiq Joty, Simeng Han, Lidong Bing. The 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP'19), 2019.

  • Semi-supervised Text Style Transfer: Cross Projection in Latent Space [paper]. Mingyue Shang, Piji Li, Zhenxin Fu, Lidong Bing, Dongyan Zhao, Shuming Shi, Rui Yan. The 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP'19), 2019.

  • Tackling Long-Tailed Relations and Uncommon Entities in Knowledge Graph Completion [paper]. Zihao Wang, Kwunping Lai, Piji Li, Lidong Bing, Wai Lam. The 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP'19), 2019.

  • Transferable End-to-End Aspect-based Sentiment Analysis with Selective Adversarial Learning [paper]. Zheng Li, Xin Li, Ying Wei, Lidong Bing, Yu Zhang, Qiang Yang. The 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP'19), 2019.

  • A Knowledge Regularized Hierarchical Approach for Emotion Cause Analysis [paper]. Chuang Fan, Hongyu Yan, Jiachen Du, Lin Gui, Lidong Bing, Min Yang, Ruifeng Xu, Ruibin Mao. The 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP'19), 2019.

  • Who Is Speaking to Whom? Learning to Identify Utterance Addressee in Multi-Party Conversations [paper]. Ran Le, Wenpeng Hu, Mingyue Shang, Zhenjun You, Lidong Bing, Dongyan Zhao, Rui Yan. The 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP'19), 2019.

  • Exploiting BERT for End-to-End Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis [paper]. Xin Li, Lidong Bing, Wenxuan Zhang, Wai Lam. EMNLP Workshop W-NUT, 2019.

  • Difficulty Controllable Generation of Reading Comprehension Questions [paper]. Yifan Gao, Lidong Bing, Wang Chen, Irwin King, Michael R. Lyu. The 28th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI'19), 2019.

  • An Integrated Approach for Keyphrase Generation via Exploring thePower of Retrieval and Extraction [paper]. Wang Chen, Hou Pong Chan, Piji Li, Lidong Bing, Irwin King. The 17th Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (NAACL-HLT'19), 2019.

  • Persona-Aware Tips Generation [paper]. Piji Li, Zihao Wang, Lidong Bing, Wai Lam. The Web Conference (WWW'19), 2019.

  • Generating Distractors for Reading Comprehension Questions from Real Examinations [paper] [DATASET]. Yifan Gao, Lidong Bing, Piji Li, Irwin King, Michael R. Lyu. The Thirty-Third AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI'19), 2019.

  • A Unified Model for Opinion Target Extraction and Target Sentiment Prediction [paper] [CODE]. Xin Li, Lidong Bing, Piji Li, Wai Lam. The Thirty-Third AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI'19), 2019.

  • Learning to Write Stories with Thematic Consistency and Wording Novelty [paper]. Juntao Li, Lidong Bing, Lisong Qiu, Min Chen, Dongyan Zhao, Rui Yan. The Thirty-Third AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI'19), 2019.

  • Abstractive Text Summarization by Incorporating Reader Comments [paper]. Shen Gao, Xiuying Chen, Piji Li, Zhaochun Ren, Lidong Bing, Dongyan Zhao, Rui Yan. The Thirty-Third AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI'19), 2019.

  • Actor-Critic based Training Framework for Abstractive Summarization [paper]. Piji Li, Lidong Bing, and Wai Lam. arXiv:1803.11070, 2018.

  • Semi-Supervised Learning with Declaratively Specified Entropy Constraints [paper]. Haitian Sun, Lidong Bing, and William W. Cohen. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 31 (NeurIPS'18), 2018.

  • QuaSE: Sequence Editing (Accurate Text Style Transfer) under Quantifiable Guidance [paper][CODE]. Yi Liao, Lidong Bing, Piji Li, Shuming Shi, Wai Lam, and Tong Zhang. Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP'18), Oct 2018.

  • Variational Autoregressive Decoder for Neural Response Generation [paper]. Jiachen Du, Wenjie Li, Yulan He, Ruifeng Xu, Lidong Bing and Xuan Wang. Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP'18), Oct 2018.

  • Hybrid Neural Attention for Agreement/Disagreement Inference in Online Debates [paper]. Di Chen, Jiachen Du, Lidong Bing and Ruifeng Xu. Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP'18), Oct 2018.

  • Estimating Marginal Probabilities of n-grams for Recurrent Neural Language Models [paper]. Thanapon Noraset, Doug Downey and Lidong Bing. Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP'18), Oct 2018.

  • Aspect Term Extraction with History Attention and Selective Transformation [paper] [DATASET] [CODE]. Xin Li, Lidong Bing, Piji Li, Wai Lam, and Zhimou Yang. The 27th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI'18 ). July 2018.

  • Transformation Networks for Target-Oriented Sentiment Classification [paper] [CODE] [DATASET]. Xin Li, Lidong Bing, Wai Lam, and Bei Shi. Proceedings of the 56th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL'18 ). July 2018.

  • Learning Domain-Sensitive and Sentiment-Aware Word Embeddings [paper]. Bei Shi, Zihao Fu, Lidong Bing, and Wai Lam. Proceedings of the 56th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL'18). July 2018.

  • Learning a Unified Embedding Space of Web Search from Large-scale Query Log [paper]. Lidong Bing, Zheng-Yu Niu, Piji Li, Wai Lam, and Haifeng Wang. Knowl.-Based Syst. (KBS). 2018.

  • Joint Modeling of Participant Influence and Latent Topics for Recommendation in Event-based Social Networks [paper]. Yi Liao, Wai Lam, Lidong Bing, and Xin Shen. ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS). 2018.

  • Using Graphs of Classifiers to Impose Declarative Constraints on Semi-supervised Learning [paper]. Lidong Bing, Bhuwan Dhingra, and William W. Cohen. Proceedings of the 26th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI'17). Aug 2017.

  • Bootstrapping Distantly Supervised IE using Joint Learning and Small Well-structured Corpora [paper] Some data available here. Lidong Bing, Bhuwan Dhingra, Kathryn Mazaitis, Jong Hyuk Park, and William W. Cohen. Proceedings of the 31st AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI'17). Feb 2017.

  • Recurrent Attention Network on Memory for Aspect Sentiment Analysis [paper] [DATASET]. Peng Chen, Zhongqian Sun, Lidong Bing*, and Wei Yang. Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP'17). Sep 2017. (*: corresponding author)

  • Towards a Language-independent Solution: Knowledge Base Completion by Searching the Web and Deriving Language Pattern [paper]. Lidong Bing, Zhiming Zhang, Wai Lam, and William W. Cohen. Knowl.-Based Syst. (KBS). 2017.

  • Deep Recurrent Generative Decoder for Abstractive Text Summarization. Piji Li, Wai Lam, Lidong Bing, and Zihao Wang. Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP'17). Sep 2017.

  • Cascaded Attention based Unsupervised Information Distillation for Compressive Summarization. Piji Li, Wai Lam, Lidong Bing, Weiwei Guo, and Hang Li. Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP'17). Sep 2017.

  • Reader-Aware Multi-Document Summarization: An Enhanced Model and The First Dataset.. Piji Li, Lidong Bing, Wai Lam. Proceedings of the EMNLP 2017 Workshop on New Frontiers in Summarization(EMNLP-NewSum'17). Sep 2017.

  • Neural Rating Regression with Abstractive Tips Generation for Recommendation [paper]. Piji Li, Zhaochun Ren, Lidong Bing, Wai Lam. The 40th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR'17). Aug 2017.

  • Salience Estimation via Variational Auto-Encoders for Multi-Document Summarization [paper]. Piji Li, ZihaoWang, Wai Lam, Zhaochun Ren, and Lidong Bing. Proceedings of the 31st AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI'17). Feb 2017.

  • Distant IE by Bootstrapping Using Lists and Document Structure [paper] [DATASET]. Lidong Bing, Mingyang Ling, Richard C. Wang, and William W. Cohen. Proceedings of the Thirtieth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI'16). Phoenix, Arizona. February 12–17, 2016.

  • Using Graphs of Classifiers to Impose Constraints on Semi-supervised Relation Extraction [paper]. Lidong Bing, William W. Cohen, Bhuwan Dhingra, and Richard C. Wang. Proceedings of the 5th Workshop on Automated Knowledge Base Construction (AKBC'16). June, 2016.

  • Efficient and Scalable Detection of Overlapping Communities in Big Networks. Tianshu Lyu, Lidong Bing, Zhao Zhang, and Yan Zhang. Proceedings of The IEEE International Conference on Data Mining (ICDM'16). Dec, 2016.

  • Learning a Semantic Space of Web Search via Session Data [paper]. Lidong Bing, Zheng-Yu Niu, Wai Lam, and Haifeng Wang. Proceedings of the 20th Asia Information Retrieval Societies Conference (AIRS'16). Dec, 2016.

  • Digesting Multilingual Reader Comments via Latent Discussion Topics with Commonality and Specificity . Bei Shi, Wai Lam, Lidong Bing, and Yinqing Xu. Proceedings of The 25th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM'16). Oct 2016.

  • Detecting Common Discussion Topics Across Culture From News Reader Comments [paper]. Bei Shi, Wai Lam, Lidong Bing, and Yinqing Xu. Proceedings of the 54th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL'16). Berlin, Germany. August 7-12, 2016.

  • Unsupervised Extraction of Popular Product Attributes from Ecommerce Web Sites by Considering Customer Reviews [paper]. Lidong Bing, Tak-Lam Wong, and Wai Lam. ACM Transactions on Internet Technology (TOIT). Volume 16 Issue 2, 2016.

  • CUIS at the NTCIR-12 MobileClick2 Task [paper]. Kwun Ping Lai, Wai Lam, and Lidong Bing. Proceedings of the 12th NTCIR Conference. Tokyo, Japan. June　7-10, 2016.

  • Improving Distant Supervision for Information Extraction Using Label Propagation Through Lists [paper] [DATASET]. Lidong Bing, Sneha Chaudhari, Richard C. Wang, and William W. Cohen. Proceedings of Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP'15). Lisbon, Portugal. September 17–21, 2015.

  • Multilingual Viewpoint Detection from news comments [paper]. Bei Shi, Wai Lam, Lidong Bing, and Yinqing Xu. Proceedings of 2015 International Conference on Asian Language Processing (IALP'15). Suzhou, China. October 24-25, 2015.

  • A Unified Posterior Regularized Topic Model with Maximum Margin for Learning-to-Rank [paper]. Shoaib Jameel, Wai Lam, Steven Schockaert, and Lidong Bing. Proceedings of the 24th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM'15). Melbourne, Australia. October 19-23, 2015.

  • Abstractive Multi-Document Summarization via Phrase Selection and Merging [paper]. Lidong Bing, Piji Li, Yi Liao, Wai Lam, Weiwei Guo, and Rebecca Passonneau. Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL'15). Beijing, China. July 26-31, 2015.

  • Reader-Aware Multi-Document Summarization via Sparse Coding [paper]. Piji Li, Lidong Bing, Wai Lam, Hang Li and Yi Liao. Proceedings of the 24th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI'15). Buenos Aires, Argentina. July 25-31, 2015.

  • Supervised Topic Models with Word Order Structure for Document Classification and Retrieval Learning [paper]. Shoaib Jameel, Wai Lam, Lidong Bing. Information Retrieval Journal. 2015.

  • Web Query Reformulation via Joint Modeling of Latent Topic Dependency and Term Context [paper]. Lidong Bing, Wai Lam, Tak-Lam Wong, and Shoaib Jameel. ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS). Volume 33, pp. 6:1-6:38. 2015.

  • Adaptive Concept Resolution for Document Representation and Its Applications in Text Mining [paper]. Lidong Bing, Shan Jiang, Wai Lam, Yan Zhang, Shoaib Jameel. Knowledge-Based Systems (KBS) 74: 1-13. 2015.

  • Nonparametric Topic Modeling using Chinese Restaurant Franchise with Buddy Customers [paper]. Shoaib Jameel, Wai Lam, and Lidong Bing. The annual European Conference on Information Retrieval (ECIR'15). Nienna, Austria. March 29 to April 2, 2015.

  • Web Page Segmentation with Structured Prediction and its Application in Web Page Classification [paper]. Lidong Bing, Rui Guo, Wai Lam, Zheng-Yu Niu and Haifeng Wang. The 37rd international ACM SIGIR conference on research and development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR'14). Gold Coast, Australia. July 6-11, 2014.

  • Website Community Mining from Query Logs with Two-phase Clustering [paper]. Lidong Bing, Wai Lam, Shoaib Jameel, and Chunliang Lu. Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Intelligent Text Processing and Computational Linguistics(CICLing'14). Kathmandu, Nepal. April 6-12, 2014.

  • Robust Detection of Semi-structured Web Records Using DOM Structure Knowledge Driven Model [paper] [DATASET]. Lidong Bing, Wai Lam, and Tak-Lam Wong. ACM Transactions on the Web (TWEB) 7(4): 21. 2013.

  • Web Entity Detection for Semi-structured Text Data Records with Unlabeled Data [paper]. Chunliang Lu, Lidong Bing, Wai Lam, Ki Chan and Yuan Gu. International Journal of Computational Linguistics and Applications (IJCLA). 2013.

  • Towards an Enhanced and Adaptable Ontology by Distilling and Assembling Online Encyclopedias [paper]. Shan Jiang, Lidong Bing, and Yan Zhang. Proceedings of the 22nd ACM Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM'13), San Francisco, CA, USA. October 27 to November 1, 2013.

  • Structured Positional Entity Language Model for Enterprise Entity Retrieval [paper]. Chunliang Lu, Lidong Bing, and Wai Lam. Proceedings of the 22nd ACM Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM'13), San Francisco, CA, USA. October 27 to November 1, 2013.

  • Wikipedia Entity Expansion and Attribute Extraction from the Web Using Semi-supervised Learning [paper]. Lidong Bing, Wai Lam, and Tak-Lam Wong. Proceedings of the 6th ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining (WSDM'13). Rome, Italy. February 4-8, 2013.

  • Unsupervised Extraction of Popular Product Attributes from Web Sites [paper]. Lidong Bing, Tak-Lam Wong, and Wai Lam. Proceedings of the 8th Asia Information Retrieval Societies Conference (AIRS'12), Tianjin, China. December 17-19, 2012

  • Towards a Unified Solution: Data Record Region Detection and Segmentation [paper]. Lidong Bing, Wai Lam, and Yuan Gu. Proceedings of the 20th ACM Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM'11), Glasgow, Scotland, UK. October 24-28, 2011.

  • Using Query Log and Social Tagging to Refine Queries Based on Latent Topics [paper] (typo fixed). Lidong Bing, Tak-Lam Wong, and Wai Lam. Proceedings of the 20th ACM Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM'11), Glasgow, Scotland, UK. October 24-28, 2011.

  • Ontology Enhancement and Concept Granularity Learning: Keeping Yourself Current and Adaptive [paper]. Shan Jiang, Lidong Bing, Bai Sun, Yan Zhang, and Wai Lam. Proceedings of the 17th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD'11), San Diego, USA. August 21-24, 2011.

  • Investigation of Web Query Refinement via Topic Analysis and Learning with Personalization [paper]. Lidong Bing and Wai Lam. Proceedings of the 2nd SIGIR Workshop on Query Representation and Understanding (SIGIR-QRU), Beijing, China. July 28, 2011.

  • Normalizing Web Product Attributes and Discovering Domain Ontology with Minimal Effort [paper]. Tak-Lam Wong, Lidong Bing, and Wai Lam. Proceedings of the 4th ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining (WSDM'11), Hong Kong. February 9-12, 2011

  • Learning Ontology Resolution for Document Representation and its Applications in Text Mining [paper]. Lidong Bing, Bai Sun, Shan Jiang, Yan Zhang, and Wai Lam. Proceedings of the 19th ACM Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM'10), Toronto, Canada. October 26-30, 2010.

  • Primary Content Extraction with Mountain Model [paper]. Lidong Bing, Yexin Wang, Yan Zhang, and Hui Wang. Proceedings of the IEEE 8th International Conference on Computer and Information Technology (CIT'08), Sydney, Australia. July 8-11, 2008.